Classification

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Four Major Classification Schemes

Source: John Feather and Paul Sturges (ed.) (1997). International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science.

Four classification schemes


Library of Congress Classification (LCC)

Herbert Putnam in 1897. does not conform to theoretical rules for classification. Explicitly compiled to meet the needs of the library's huge collection of books and is too detailed and complex for use in small libraries. Been adopted by research and university libraries throughout the world.

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

Melvil Dewey Knowledge is divided into the ten main classes, each designated by a numeral from zero to nine, which can then be subdivided by the addition of two numerals before a decimal point and further numerals after it. It has a relative index which shows the relation of each subject that is indexed to a larger subject (or class or division).

Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)

Expansion of the Decimal Classification of Melvil Dewey, using various symbols in addition to Arabic numerals to create long and expressive notations for particular documents. adoption by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has ensured its worldwide use. Institut Internationale de Bibliographie, now FID

Colon Classification (CC)

S.R. Ranganathan, it is based on the classification of any subject by its uses and relations, which are indicated by numbers divided by a colon ':'. It was the first example of an analytico-synthetic classification, in which the subject field is first analysed into facets, and class numbers are then constructed by synthesis. Ready-made class numbers are not provided for most topics but are constructed by combining the classes of the various unit schedules of which the scheme consists.

Dublin Core

Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.0: Reference Description

Dublin Core Element Set, Version 1.0 - Reference Description

dublin core .org/ documents/ 1999 /08 /05 /resource -type list/

dublin core .org/ documents/ resource -type list/

The Open Metadata Registry Prototypes The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative's Open Metadata Registry is a collection of RDF schemas, application profiles and related semantics belonging to various resource communities. The overall goal is the development of a metadata registry providing authoritative information regarding the DCMI vocabulary and the relationship between terms in that vocabulary. Information regarding related terms in associated vocabularies will be given as appropriate.

ISO/IEC 11179 Metadata Registry Implementation Coalition The 11179 Metadata Registry Consortium is a forum for information exchange on the implementation of metadata registries based on the ISO/IEC-11179 Specification and Standardization of Data Element standard. Consortium members are interested in addressing ISO/IEC-11179 reference implementations of metadata registries, influencing commercial vendors to support ISO/IEC-11179 in their tools, developing methods to support metadata exchange between metadata registries, sharing information and lessons learned on implementation approaches, being an advocate and clearinghouse for metadata registry issues, and developing partnerships to support data management across organizations.

ULIS Open Metadata Registry

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Metadata.Net Home Page metatdata, registry, editor

This page is the entry point for information about metadata relevant to the purposes of EdNA. EdNA (Education Network Australia) is a national framework for collaboration on the use of the Internet in education and training.

JUDY AND MAGDA'S LIST OF METADATA INITIATIVES

The MetaWeb Project is to develop metadata element sets, user tools, and indexing services to promote the use of, and exploitation of metadata on the Internet.

TUTORIALS

<html>
<head>
<title>Click Thinking: Personal Safety on the Internet</title>
<!-- Dublin Core Metadata -->
<meta name="dc.title" content="ClickThinking: Personal Safety on the Internet">
<meta name="dc.creator" content="Scottish Executive">
<meta name="dc.publisher" content="Scottish Executive">
<meta name="dc.description" content="ClickThinking provides guidance about
using the Internet safely for local authorities, teachers, others responsible
for children, and young people themselves. Integration of the Internet across
the curriculum is recommended alongside specific synergy with personal safety
programmes. Scottish schools received the pack along with customisable
resources on CD.">
<meta name="dc.subject" content="school internet use">
<meta name="dc.subject" content="internet regulation - access control">
<meta name="dc.type" content="text.guidance">
<meta name="dc.identifier.url" content="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/clickthinking/">
<meta name="dc.date.created" content="1999-10">
<meta name="dc.date.metadata" content="1999-11-11">
<meta name="dc.rights" content="(c) Crown Copyright 1999. Information may be
reproduced without formal permission or charge for personal or in-house use.">
<meta name="dc.userlevel" content="adult.teacher">
<meta name="dc.userlevel" content="adult.parent">
<meta name="dc.format" content="text/html">
<meta name="dc.format" content="application/pdf">
<meta name="dc.contributor" content="Symonds, Maggie">
<meta name="dc.language" content="en-uk">
<meta name="dc.source.isbn" content="0 11 497269 9">
<!-- End of Metadata -->
</head>
<body>

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Ranganathan

Ranganathan Ahead of His Century Introduction Evolution of Classification Faceted Classification Colon Classification Database Design Online Retrieval World Wide Web Bibliography FACETED CLASSIFICATION

Was Ranganathan a Yahoo!?

Interactive Information Retrieval based on Faceted Classification using Views A Steven Pollitt Centre for Database Access Research University of Huddersfield UK

Facet Analysis The Art and Architecture Thesaurus structure is heavily influenced by the work of the Indian librarian, S. R. Ranganathan. Ranganathan, eminent librarian and a pioneer in modern information science, developed his faceted classification scheme in the 1930's.

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UNSORTED

INTERNET LIBRARY FOR LIBRARIANS A Portal Designed for Librarians to Locate Internet Resources Related to Their Profession

Grounded Classification: Grounded Theory and Faceted Classification Susan Leigh Star Graduate School of Library and Information Science

Faceted Classifications and Thesauri

Concepts Universal and Faceted Classification Schemes Faceted and universal classifications systems might be considered opposites sides of the same information classification/retrieval coin. Faceted classification aka colon classification was first developed by S.R. Ranganathan. According to Brian Vickery (1960, p 12) it is "the sorting of terms in a given field of knowledge into homogeneous, mutually exclusive facets, each derived from the parent universe by a single characteristic of division." Universal classification schemes, on the other hand, tend to

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CyberStacks(sm) is a centralized, integrated, and unified collection of significant World Wide Web (WWW) and other Internet resources categorized using the Library of Congress classification scheme. Resources are organized under one or more relevant Library of Congress class numbers and an associated publication format and subject description. The majority of resources incorporated within its collection are monographic or serial works, files, databases or search services. All of the selected resources in CyberStacks(sm) are full-text, hypertext, or, hypermedia, and of a research or scholarly nature.

CIO.com resource page with exclusive online resources for IT executives, from CIO Magazine with analyst reports, job openings, interviews, ask the experts, event calendar and more

Cyber behavior resources that explore the interface between human behavior and new Web technology. Included are surveys, articles, and links

An introduction to Chain Indexing These pages are intended to provide an introduction to the theory and practice of Chain Indexing.

Faceted Structures One Resources for Faceted Structures

The Web Librarian Locating information on the web is becoming more and more problematic. Search engines overwhelm users with vast quantities of information, much or most of which is not precisely what was wanted; and browsable catalogs ('virtual libraries') take a lot of time to use, and now often index only a fraction of the relevant material. * An automated 'Web Librarian' (WLn) should help address these problems. Traditional notions of simple hierarchical classification need to be augmented or replaced with more powerful methods, e.g. concept analysis and faceted classification. Authors and publishers should be encouraged to provide resource meta - information. * A WLn is a synthesis of humans and robots, databases, FAQs, and smart software, designed to enable people to receive precise answers to precisely formulated queries.

The facet-space approach for accessing document records organized by faceted classifications is described. The interface gives users detailed control over the facet display and it makes use of color to reduce the number of windows which need to be presented. The interface supports searching. A cluster analysis is described for organizing search return lists based on facets distances. The implementation is applied to 1381 summaries of computer science dissertations as organized by the ACM Computing Reviews classification system.

Classifying Internet Objects F. Luís Neves and José N. Oliveira

Issue One of T H E W O R L D W I D E W E B J O U R N A L

Welcome to Indexing Resources on the WWW

Project Aristotle(sm): Automated Categorization of Web Resources "Users are seeking guidance and organization in a chaotic, dynamic information framework." David Eichmann, Ethical Web Agents, 1994

Beyond Bookmarks: Schemes for Organizing the Web

ADAM Team ADAM Partners ADAM Library Technical Information ADAM, the Art, Design, Architecture & Media Information Gateway, is a service being developed to help you find useful, quality-assured information on the Internet in the following subject areas: Fine Art, including painting, prints and drawings, sculpture and other contemporary media and practices, including fine art using technology and performance art Design, including industrial, product, fashion, graphic, packaging and interior design Architecture, including town planning and landscape design, but excluding building construction Applied Arts, including textiles, ceramics, glass, metals, jewellery and furniture Media, including film, television, broadcasting, photography and animation Theory; relevant historical, philosophical and contextual studies Museum studies and conservation Professional Practice related to any of the above

Information Filtering Resources

CLEVER SEARCHING The tremendous growth in the price-performance of networking and storage has fueled the explosive growth of the web. The amount of information easily accessible from the desktop has dramatically increased by several orders of magnitude in the last few years, and shows no signs of abating. Users of the web are being confronted with the consequent

Freely Available Filtering Systems

Cataloging Internet Resources A Manual and Practical Guide

Advanced Education in Librarianship The OCLC Institute is a nonprofit educational organization dedicated to promoting the evolution of libraries and information services by providing managers with opportunities for advanced education and knowledge exchange.

A page from the UMBC AgentWeb -- a collection of web pages on intelligent software agents, knowbots, FIPA, KQML, KIF, ontologies, active information integration and agent-oriented systems

The Semantic Web A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities by TIM BERNERS-LEE, JAMES HENDLER and ORA LASSILA

This site is dedicated to the research in web information retrieval and extraction. There are links to articles, journals, conferences, working groups and comercial companies - all related to web IR and IE.

THE ART COLLECTION The image database indexed by WirE consists of 7 separate collections of paintings, taken from different Web sites. Some of the collections are simply images of paintings put on the Net by various museums and galleries (online exhibitions), while others exist only on the Net (virtual galleries). The total number of paintings in the whole collection amounts to 2,609

Web IR & IE Related Sites

WordNet® is an online lexical reference system whose design is inspired by current psycholinguistic theories of human lexical memory. English nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying lexical concept. Different relations link the synonym sets.

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Outline of the Library of Congress Classification (Cataloging Policy and Support Office)

MARC 21 Concise Format for Classification Data This document is the homepage for the MARC 21 Concise Classification format to which all related sections of the format are linked.

Classification Society of North America (CSNA). The CSNA is a nonprofit interdisciplinary organization whose purposes are to promote the scientific study of classification and clustering (including systematic methods of creating classifications from data), and to disseminate scientific and educational information related to its fields of interests.

International Federation of Classification SocietiesIFCS is a federation of national, regional, and linguistically-based classification societies. It is a non-profit, non-political scientific organization, whose aims are to further classification research.

Standard Industrial Classification Search This page allows the user to search the 1987 version SIC manual by keyword, to access descriptive information for a specified 4-digit SIC, and to examine the manual structure. The SIC manual is available in several formats from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce. For more information go to the NTIS SIC Page

Patent Classification Home Page - Internet

Dewey Decimal Classification Home Page (OCLC Forest Press)

Classification schemes; Resource discovery; Resource description; Internet; DDC; Dewey Decimal; LCC; Library of Congress Classification; UDC; Universal Decimal;

Explanation of the Superintendent of Documents Classification System

National Classification Management Society- Home Page

classification codes. Classification codes are divided into two primary groups; Services and Supplies. Listed below are the titles and examples of the service codes.

Web classification is essential By Gerry McGovern Classification (taxonomy, categorization) is to content as mapping is to geography. It is an essential tool that allows the person visiting a website to navigate it quickly and efficiently. Without professional classification a website becomes a jumble yard of content that is confusing and time wasting.

Classification on the 'Net Candy Schwartz Directory of projects, resources, and readings on classificiation.

Classification Web - Library of Congress

Some electronic classification schemes Here is a brief list of projects using electronic classification. Of course, there are many more and this list is not being properly maintained -- it's just meant to be a springboard for this topic area.

Dewey Decimal Classification System

Classification of the Languages

Keyword Classification Scheme

Resource Description and Classification. Being a collection of references on matters of Subject Classification, Taxonomies, Ontologies, Indexing, Metadata, Metadata Registries, Controlled Vocabularies, Terminology, Thesauri, Business Semantics

BUBL LINK / 5:15 Catalogue of Internet Resources: Classification

Subject Cataloging Manual - Classification, 1st Edition: Contents Copyright 1996-2001 The Library Corporation Content: Copyright 1992-1999 US Library of Congress

Tom's Smith's Weblog the OTHER blog: Classification

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Networked European Deposit Library is a collaborative project of European national libraries. It aims to construct the basic infrastructure upon which a networked European deposit library can be built. The objectives of NEDLIB concur with the mission of national deposit libraries to ensure that electronic publications of the present can be used now and in the future."

O p e n A r c h i v e s I n i t i a t i v e

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http:/ /www. smpte. org/

http:/ /www. tv- anytime .org/

SCHEMAS provides a forum for metadata schema designers involved in projects under the IST Programme and national initiatives in Europe

DESIRE Metadata Registry DESIRE: Development of a European Service for Information on Research and Education [Registry]As part of the DESIRE effort UKOLN are building a demonstrator of a metadata registry. Related work in the form of implementing an RDF metadata schema registry is being undertaken as part of the SCHEMAS project.

robots.txt syntax checker Writing robots.txt files is relatively straightforward. However, its still fairly common to get some small part of the syntax wrong, and then to find that a robot has wandered all over your site because of it.

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

the Alexandria Digital Library Project. The name Alexandria comes from the library of Alexandria, Egypt, which was considered the center of all knowledge/learning. No one place now can claim that distinction - but all data sources together (libraries, academic institutions, private companies, government agencies, etc.) are Alexandria.

IMS (IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc.) is defining the internet architecture for learning, On-line Learning Specifications

CyberStacks(sm) is a centralized, integrated, and unified collection of significant World Wide Web (WWW) and other Internet resources categorized using the Library of Congress classification scheme. Resources are organized under one or more relevant Library of Congress class numbers and an associated publication format and subject description. The majority of resources incorporated within its collection are monographic or serial works, files, databases or search services. All of the selected resources in CyberStacks(sm) are full-text, hypertext, or, hypermedia, and of a research or scholarly nature.

NewsAgentTopic Classification Scheme

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

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